jueves, 20 de octubre de 2016

RECIPROCAL PRRONUONS- (PRONOMBRES RECIPROCOS) INGLES.

Reciprocal Pronouns – (Pronombres recíprocos) INGLES.
Objetivo: Aprender y  reconocer los pronombres recíprocos para incorporarlos en su vocabulario y textos relaciones ampliando la información sobre su entorno e intereses.
“Each other – One another” are used to indicate that a relationship or an action is reciprocal among the members of the set referred to by the antecedent.
•          We use the reciprocal pronouns to indicate that two people can carry out an action and receive the consequences of that action at the same time.
•          We love each other.  - Nos amamos (mutuamente).
•          They are happy because they respect one another.
Ellos son felices porque se respetan los unos a los otros.
Normally “each other” is used to denote a reciprocal relation between two entities and “one another” to more than two.
Nevertheless, in English spoken, often they are used indifferently. Today most do not subscribe to this distinction, which was never strictly observed anyway.

ü  The twins dislike each other, but the triplets dislike one another.

ü  We help one another with the work

ü  The two boys hate each other

ü  They used to give each other many presents on Christmas.

ü  All of us in the class are very fond of one another.
 
ü  They didn’t have time to look at one another.
ü  Complete the following sentences with the corresponding reciprocal pronoun.
ü  John and Mary looked at ______. I would say he looked at her with admiration.
2. Peter and Susan have met  ______.
ü  3. Elsa, Ivanna and Johanna gave  __________ a book.
4. Three children talked to  __________. They stood next to my house.
5. My uncle and I talk to  __________ every day. Although his character isn't easy to bear.
6. She and her brother stopped talking and looked at  __________.
7. John and his mother bought  __________ presents for Christmas.
8. My cat and his dog looked at  __________ with dread.
9. Barbara's three sons and their father hate  ____________.
10. I think that all people should love  __________. No matter where they live.
ü  Read the following paragraph and underline the reciprocal pronouns.
ü   
ü  Last summer
ü  Last summer, we went camping. It was an extraordinary adventure in which nature and men working with each other helped us grow emotionally in many ways. Nature, with the beautiful sceneries, plants, trees, and just being outdoors, breathing fresh air, and living like our ancestors had to live, made us understand how beautiful life can be. The last two days, we went to a spiritual growth house near the camping grounds, where two wise men with peaceful voices shared with us stories and gave us advice on how to be less stressed and live in peace and harmony.  Our camping guide explained how these two famous men from ancient tribes gave lectures and gave good advice on living healthier, physically, and emotionally. They learned to live in harmony from their ancestors, who gave them a strong foundation; they aimed to enable members of different faiths to learn about each other's beliefs, practices, and traditions to create greater relationships in harmony and understanding. They began in their own community, working to eliminate prejudice and fear, by promoting knowledge and appreciation of each other. For more than twenty years, they have traveled giving lectures and showing people how to understand and respect each other's worship, witness each other's ceremonies, enter into dialogue with one another, and learn how to share one another’s feelings, beliefs and dreams.
According to the reading, answer True or False and correct the false statements.
  1. The writer didn’t participate in the activities described in the above reading. _______
  2. The spiritual growth house was far from the camping grounds. _______
  3. The wise men where well known. _______
  4. In the spiritual growth house people can learn how to be friendly and respectful. _______
  5. The wise men promote knowledge and appreciation of each other. _______
. Write the correct word according to the definition. Use the words given.

Witness               Lecture                Growth                Camping             Worship              Faith     Friendship                         Wise

  1. When you stay outdoors and sleep in a tent. ____________________.
  2. An increase in the size or the importance of something. _____________.
  3. Improving, having, or showing the ability to make good judgments, based on a deep understanding and experience in life. ____________________.
  4. A formal talk on a serious or specialist subject given to a group of people, especially students. ____________.
  5. Great trust or confidence in something or someone.________________.
  6. The state of being a more than acquaintance. _______________.
  7. To have or show a strong feeling of respect and admiration for God or a religion. _________________.
  8. To have knowledge of a development from observation or experience. ___________________.


PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS INGLES

Pronombres indefinidos
Objetivo: reconocer  los pronombres indefinidos en inglés para emplearlos con propiedad en sus construcciones orales y escritas.
Pronombres indefinidos - Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns à refer to things or people without mentioning what or who they are.
Somebody told me you were abroad.
Nobody came to the meeting.
Was there anybody in the house?
These are the most usual indefinite pronouns:

Remember: This pronouns are singular and require singular verbs.
 
Examples:  
•Somebody cleans the classroom every day. 
•Everyone  is here.
•Somebody stole my wallet.
•Does anybody know who he is?
•Does anyone have a blue pen?
•Everyone can answer this easy questions.
•Can anyone answer this question?
•Everybody enjoyed the concert.
Nobody came.
• Nothing happened.
•They were staying in somebody’s house.
•Is this anybody’s coat?
Fill in the gaps with the correct indefinite pronoun:


1.  The movie was in Japanese so I couldn't understand ______________they said.
2.  Alonso is sad because ____________ remembered his birthday.
3.  Poor man! We have to do ____________ to help him.
4. I couldn't see Andrés at the stadium. In fact, I didn't see __________. The place was too crowded. 
5. Please, tell the salesman at the door that we don't want to buy ___________.
6.Your secret is safe with me. I won't tell __________.
7.___________ lives here. ____________ is dirty and old.
8. __________ could have stolen your car. The garage is unsafe; a thief could jump over the wall.
9.___________is ringing the bell. Go and see who it is.


PASADO PERFECTOAFIRMATIVO INGLES

Pasado perfecto afirmativo
Objetivo: emplear correctamente el Pluscuamperfecto “Past Perfect Tense”, distinguiendo y empleando su correcta estructura gramatical al construir o traducir textos con sentido y coherencia, relacionados con hechos y situaciones de su entorno.
NOTA: El “PAST PERFECT TENSE” en español se llama PRETERITO  o  PASADO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO, El termino pasado perfecto no tiene el mismo equivalente en español.
Present perfect tense = Pretérito perfecto.
Ejemplo: (Yo he comido pan.)  - I have eaten bread.
Past perfect tense= pluscuamperfecto
 Ejemplo : (Yo había comido pan.) - I had eaten bread.
Usamos el pasado perfecto para hablar de acciones que han ocurrido antes de otra acción en el pasado.
Sujeto + Auxiliar “had” + verbo en participio + complemento
Ordene las palabras para hacer las oraciones dadas
El hijo de Luis había ido a esa oficina varias veces.
son – Luis’ -  had – that – gone -  to -  several -  office -  times                  

La secretaria había enviado el sobre equivocado.
wrong - the -  sent -  the - envelope - secretary – had  

La policía había perseguido a ese ladrón por tres años.
thief – police – had -  that - for - years - the - pursued - three

Este hombre había trabajado en esa fábrica desde que era joven.
 worked - man - in - that - young - factory - since - he - had - was - this

El incendio había iniciado muy temprano y el fuego había destruido todo el edificio.
started - the - very - had - early - the - fire - had - the - building - fire - and - destroyed

Los médicos respondieron rápido, pero el  paciente ya había muerto.  
patient  - doctors - but - the - already - quickly - dead - responded - had
Attention!
había
expresar existencia
pasado perfecto
there was (singular)  there were (plural).
Verbo auiliar
had
Había mucha gente en la fiesta.
There were many people in the party.
Había un hombre en el jardín.
There was a man in the garden.
Yo había llegado temprano.
I had arrived early.
Un hombre había estado en ese en el jardín.
A man had been in that garden.
Cree oraciones utilizando las siguientes palabras, aplique el pasado perfecto y agregue artículos, preposiciones, expresiones de tiempo, etc. donde sea necesario. Mire el ejemplo:
• She / traveled / Colombia. = She had traveled to Colombia last month.
a. I / gone / the school.
b. He / met / Bogotá.
c. We / worked / ago.
d. They played / yesterday.
e. It / drank / last.
ü  Pase estas oraciones a pasado perfecto afirmativo: 
ü  He has been working there.                                                    
ü  b. they have written a nice letter to them.                       
ü  c. we have watched that program long time ago.           
ü  d. she has read the book with her sons.                                            
ü  e. it has run five kilometers per hour
ü  Pasado perfecto negativo
ü  Sujeto +  Had not + verbo en participio + complemento


Contracción:
“had not”                                          “hadn’t”
Ejemplo:
ü  Ella no había ido a la iglesia.
•She had not gone to the church = She hadn’t gone to the church.
ü  El papá de John no había terminado su trabajo cuando su jefe llegó.
•John’s father had not finished his work when his boss arrived.
•John’s father hadn’t finished his work when his boss arrived.
Complete las siguientes oraciones con una oración negativa en pasado perfecto.
  1. She had cried all morning because…
  2. Juan had come early because…
  3. Ana had washed the dishes and I…
  4. The dog had broken the window and the cat…
  5. We had finished the evaluation, but…
  6. Jesus had brought a jacket, but…
  7. Complete las siguientes oraciones con la forma correcta del pasado perfecto negativo.
In the shopping center, I met a friend who I had not seen for ages.
  1. The thief could walk right into the house because you _______ (lock)  the door.
  2. We lost the match because we  _______(practice)  the days before.
  3. At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he _______  (do) .
  4. We ate at a restaurant last night because I _______  (buy)  anything for dinner.
  5. When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice ______ (close) the windows.
  6. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I  _______(greet )  him first.
  7. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she _______  (have)  breakfast yet.
  8. I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I _______ (finish)  my homework yet.
  9. Fred answered my question although I  _______ (ask)  him.
  10. Pasado perfecto interrogativo
  11. Had + sujeto + verbo en participio + complemento ?
Respuestas en pasado perfecto, forma larga:
Had you used this product?
+
-
Had she told the truth?
+
-
Where had you left your keys?
+
-
Respuestas en pasado perfecto, forma corta:
Had they brought many gifts?
+
-
Where had you left your keys?
+
-
Had she told the truth?
+
-
Había = como verbo auxiliar ≠ para indicar existencia
§      Como verbo auxiliar - había = HAD
§      Para indicar existencia -  había = THERE WAS – THERE WERE, que en pregunta se invierte, aplicando la estructura para hacer preguntas con el verbo To Be.

ü  ¿Usted había dormido?                = Had  your slept?
  
ü  ¿Había una manzana?   = Was there an apple?
ü  Traduzca las siguientes oraciones interrogativas.
ü  ¿El novio de Catalina había llegado tarde? 
ü  ¿Había un hombre sospechoso en el parque esta mañana?
ü  ¿Había tres manzanas encima de la mesa?
ü  ¿Había una libra de carne en la nevera?
ü  ¿El mensajero había entregado las cartas? 
ü  ¿Andrea había  dibujado ese cuadro en el patio de su casa?
ü  ¿El jefe había llegado temprano ese día? 

 Pasado perfecto afirmativo
Objetivo: emplear correctamente el Pluscuamperfecto “Past Perfect Tense”, distinguiendo y empleando su correcta estructura gramatical al construir o traducir textos con sentido y coherencia, relacionados con hechos y situaciones de su entorno.
NOTA: El “PAST PERFECT TENSE” en español se llama PRETERITO  o  PASADO PLUSCUAMPERFECTO, El termino pasado perfecto no tiene el mismo equivalente en español.
Present perfect tense = Pretérito perfecto.
Ejemplo: (Yo he comido pan.)  - I have eaten bread.
Past perfect tense= pluscuamperfecto
 Ejemplo : (Yo había comido pan.) - I had eaten bread.
Usamos el pasado perfecto para hablar de acciones que han ocurrido antes de otra acción en el pasado.
Sujeto + Auxiliar “had” + verbo en participio + complemento
Ordene las palabras para hacer las oraciones dadas
El hijo de Luis había ido a esa oficina varias veces.
son – Luis’ -  had – that – gone -  to -  several -  office -  times                  

La secretaria había enviado el sobre equivocado.
wrong - the -  sent -  the - envelope - secretary – had  

La policía había perseguido a ese ladrón por tres años.
thief – police – had -  that - for - years - the - pursued - three

Este hombre había trabajado en esa fábrica desde que era joven.
 worked - man - in - that - young - factory - since - he - had - was - this

El incendio había iniciado muy temprano y el fuego había destruido todo el edificio.
started - the - very - had - early - the - fire - had - the - building - fire - and - destroyed

Los médicos respondieron rápido, pero el  paciente ya había muerto.  
patient  - doctors - but - the - already - quickly - dead - responded - had
Attention!
había
expresar existencia
pasado perfecto
there was (singular)  there were (plural).
Verbo auiliar
had
Había mucha gente en la fiesta.
There were many people in the party.
Había un hombre en el jardín.
There was a man in the garden.
Yo había llegado temprano.
I had arrived early.
Un hombre había estado en ese en el jardín.
A man had been in that garden.
Cree oraciones utilizando las siguientes palabras, aplique el pasado perfecto y agregue artículos, preposiciones, expresiones de tiempo, etc. donde sea necesario. Mire el ejemplo:
• She / traveled / Colombia. = She had traveled to Colombia last month.
a. I / gone / the school.
b. He / met / Bogotá.
c. We / worked / ago.
d. They played / yesterday.
e. It / drank / last.
ü  Pase estas oraciones a pasado perfecto afirmativo: 
ü  He has been working there.                                                    
ü  b. they have written a nice letter to them.                       
ü  c. we have watched that program long time ago.           
ü  d. she has read the book with her sons.                                            
ü  e. it has run five kilometers per hour
ü  Pasado perfecto negativo
ü  Sujeto +  Had not + verbo en participio + complemento


Contracción:
“had not”                                          “hadn’t”
Ejemplo:
ü  Ella no había ido a la iglesia.
•She had not gone to the church = She hadn’t gone to the church.
ü  El papá de John no había terminado su trabajo cuando su jefe llegó.
•John’s father had not finished his work when his boss arrived.
•John’s father hadn’t finished his work when his boss arrived.
Complete las siguientes oraciones con una oración negativa en pasado perfecto.
  1. She had cried all morning because…
  2. Juan had come early because…
  3. Ana had washed the dishes and I…
  4. The dog had broken the window and the cat…
  5. We had finished the evaluation, but…
  6. Jesus had brought a jacket, but…
  7. Complete las siguientes oraciones con la forma correcta del pasado perfecto negativo.
In the shopping center, I met a friend who I had not seen for ages.
  1. The thief could walk right into the house because you _______ (lock)  the door.
  2. We lost the match because we  _______(practice)  the days before.
  3. At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he _______  (do) .
  4. We ate at a restaurant last night because I _______  (buy)  anything for dinner.
  5. When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice ______ (close) the windows.
  6. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I  _______(greet )  him first.
  7. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she _______  (have)  breakfast yet.
  8. I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I _______ (finish)  my homework yet.
  9. Fred answered my question although I  _______ (ask)  him.
  10. Pasado perfecto interrogativo
  11. Had + sujeto + verbo en participio + complemento ?
Respuestas en pasado perfecto, forma larga:
Had you used this product?
+
-
Had she told the truth?
+
-
Where had you left your keys?
+
-
Respuestas en pasado perfecto, forma corta:
Had they brought many gifts?
+
-
Where had you left your keys?
+
-
Had she told the truth?
+
-
Había = como verbo auxiliar ≠ para indicar existencia
§      Como verbo auxiliar - había = HAD
§      Para indicar existencia -  había = THERE WAS – THERE WERE, que en pregunta se invierte, aplicando la estructura para hacer preguntas con el verbo To Be.

ü  ¿Usted había dormido?                = Had  your slept?
  
ü  ¿Había una manzana?   = Was there an apple?
ü  Traduzca las siguientes oraciones interrogativas.
ü  ¿El novio de Catalina había llegado tarde? 
ü  ¿Había un hombre sospechoso en el parque esta mañana?
ü  ¿Había tres manzanas encima de la mesa?
ü  ¿Había una libra de carne en la nevera?
ü  ¿El mensajero había entregado las cartas? 
ü  ¿Andrea había  dibujado ese cuadro en el patio de su casa?
ü  ¿El jefe había llegado temprano ese día?